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spring 事务配置的五种方法

 
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前段时间对Spring的事务配置做了比较深入的研究，在此之间对Spring的事务配置虽说也配置过，但是一直没有一个清楚的认识。通过这次的学习发觉Spring的事务配置只要把思路理清，还是比较好掌握的。

总结如下：

Spring配置文件中关于事务配置总是由三个组成部分，分别是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理机制这三部分，无论哪种配置方式，一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。

DataSource、TransactionManager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化，比如使用Hibernate进行数据访问 时，DataSource实际为SessionFactory，TransactionManager的实现为 HibernateTransactionManager。

具体如下图：

Spring事务配置 (2)

根据代理机制的不同，总结了五种Spring事务的配置方式，配置文件如下：

第一种方式：每个Bean都有一个代理

1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4     xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
5     xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
6     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
7  
8     <bean id="sessionFactory"
9             class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
10         <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
11         <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
12     </bean> 
13  
14     <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
15     <bean id="transactionManager"
16         class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
17         <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
18     </bean>
19  
20     <!-- 配置DAO -->
21     <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
22         <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
23     </bean>
24  
25     <bean id="userDao"
26         class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">
27            <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
28            <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />
29         <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />
30          <property name="proxyInterfaces" value="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao" />
31         <!-- 配置事务属性 -->
32         <property name="transactionAttributes">
33             <props>
34                 <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
35             </props>
36         </property>
37     </bean>
38 </beans>

第二种方式：所有Bean共享一个代理基类

1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4     xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
5     xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
6     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
7  
8     <bean id="sessionFactory"
9             class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
10         <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
11         <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
12     </bean> 
13  
14     <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
15     <bean id="transactionManager"
16         class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
17         <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
18     </bean>
19  
20     <bean id="transactionBase"
21             class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"
22             lazy-init="true" abstract="true">
23         <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
24         <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />
25         <!-- 配置事务属性 -->
26         <property name="transactionAttributes">
27             <props>
28                 <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
29             </props>
30         </property>
31     </bean>   
32  
33     <!-- 配置DAO -->
34     <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
35         <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
36     </bean>
37  
38     <bean id="userDao" parent="transactionBase" >
39         <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />
40     </bean>
41 </beans>

第三种方式：使用拦截器

1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4     xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
5     xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
6     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
7  
8     <bean id="sessionFactory"
9             class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
10         <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
11         <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
12     </bean> 
13  
14     <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
15     <bean id="transactionManager"
16         class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
17         <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
18     </bean>
19  
20     <bean id="transactionInterceptor"
21         class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor">
22         <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />
23         <!-- 配置事务属性 -->
24         <property name="transactionAttributes">
25             <props>
26                 <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
27             </props>
28         </property>
29     </bean>
30  
31     <bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator">
32         <property name="beanNames">
33             <list>
34                 <value>*Dao</value>
35             </list>
36         </property>
37         <property name="interceptorNames">
38             <list>
39                 <value>transactionInterceptor</value>
40             </list>
41         </property>
42     </bean> 
43  
44     <!-- 配置DAO -->
45     <bean id="userDao" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
46         <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
47     </bean>
48 </beans>

第四种方式：使用tx标签配置的拦截器

1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4     xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
5     xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
6     xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
7     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
8  
9     <context:annotation-config />
10     <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" />
11  
12     <bean id="sessionFactory"
13             class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
14         <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
15         <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
16     </bean> 
17  
18     <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
19     <bean id="transactionManager"
20         class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
21         <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
22     </bean>
23  
24     <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
25         <tx:attributes>
26             <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
27         </tx:attributes>
28     </tx:advice>
29  
30     <aop:config>
31         <aop:pointcut id="interceptorPointCuts"
32             expression="execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))" />
33         <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice"
34             pointcut-ref="interceptorPointCuts" />
35     </aop:config>
36 </beans>

第五种方式：全注解

1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4     xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
5     xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
6     xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
7     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
8  
9     <context:annotation-config />
10     <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" />
11  
12     <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
13  
14     <bean id="sessionFactory"
15             class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
16         <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
17         <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
18     </bean> 
19  
20     <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
21     <bean id="transactionManager"
22         class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
23         <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
24     </bean>
25  
26 </beans>

此时在DAO上需加上@Transactional注解，如下：

1 package com.bluesky.spring.dao;
2  
3 import java.util.List;
4  
5 import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
6 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
7 import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
8 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
9  
10 import com.bluesky.spring.domain.User;
11  
12 @Transactional
13 @Component("userDao")
14 public class UserDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UserDao {
15  
16     public List<User> listUsers() {
17         return this.getSession().createQuery("from User").list();
18     }
19  
20 }
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